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Windows NT 3. 1 - Wikipedia. This article is about the NT operating system released in 1.
For the similar home operating system released in 1. Windows 3. 1x. Windows NT 3. Microsoft, and released on July 2. It was the first published edition of the Windows NT series of operating systems. At the time of Windows NT's release, Microsoft's Windows 3.
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Windows 3. 1 relied on the DOS operating system for essential functions, and it had a constrictive 1. Windows NT, however, was a complete, 3.
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Windows 3. 1 users. By extending the Windows brand and beginning Windows NT at version 3. Microsoft implied that consumers should expect a familiar user experience. The name Windows NT ("New Technology") advertised that this was a re- engineered version of Windows. Windows NT began as a rewrite of the OS/2 operating system, which Microsoft had co- developed with IBM in the 1. For several reasons, including the market success of Windows 3.
Microsoft decided to advance Windows rather than OS/2. They relinquished their OS/2 development responsibilities to IBM, and forked their work on OS/2 v. In 1. 99. 3, Microsoft marketed two products in the first- generation Windows NT product line: Windows NT 3.
Windows NT 3. 1 Advanced Server for servers. When these premiered, their sales were limited by high system requirements, and a general lack of 3. OS's data processing capabilities. History[edit]As NT OS/2[edit]While Microsoft had a major foothold on the personal computer market due to the use of its MS- DOS as the de facto operating system of IBM PC compatibles, Nathan Myhrvold (who had joined Microsoft after its acquisition of Dynamical Systems Research) identified two major threats to Microsoft's monopoly—the RISC architecture, which proved to be more powerful than the equivalent Intel processors that MS- DOS ran on, and Unix, a family of cross- platformmultitasking operating systems with support for multiprocessing and networking. While the widespread use of Unix was hindered by the need to adapt programs for each individual variant, Bill Gates believed that the combination of a Unix- like operating system with RISC processors could be a market threat, prompting the need for Microsoft to develop a "Unix killer" that could run on multiple architectures.[5]Gates hired David N.
Cutler from Digital Equipment Corporation to assist in developing the new operating system; Cutler had left the company after a series of conflicts surrounding its work on the Prism architecture and its microkernel operating system Mica, and agreed to join Microsoft on the condition that he be able to bring a number of staff members from his team at DEC with him.[6][7][8][9][1. Cutler arrived at Microsoft on October 3. November.[1. 2]The operating system was first developed as a revised version of OS/2, an operating system Microsoft had jointly developed with IBM.[1. While OS/2 was originally intended to succeed MS- DOS, it had yet to be commercially successful. The OS was to be designed so it could be ported to different processor platforms, and support multiprocessor systems, which few operating systems did at that time.[1. To target the enterprise market, the OS was also to support networking, the POSIX standard, and a security platform compliant with the "Orange Book" standards; which would require the OS to be a multi- user system with a permission framework and the ability to audit security- related events.[1.
Both Microsoft and IBM wanted to market an operating system that appealed to corporate "enterprise software" customers. That meant greater security, reliability, processing power, and computer networking features. However, since Microsoft also wanted to capture market share from Unix on other computing platforms, they needed a system design that was more portable than that of OS/2. To this end, Microsoft began by developing and testing their new operating system for a non- x. Intel i. 86. 0. Alluding to the chip's codename, "N1. Microsoft codenamed their operating system NT OS/2.[1. DEC preemptively sued Microsoft, alleging that they stole code from Mica for use in the new operating system.
In an out- of- court settlement, Microsoft agreed to make NT OS/2 compatible with DEC's Alpha processor.[1. The development team originally estimated that development would be complete within 1. By April 1. 98. 9, the NT OS/2 kernel could run inside the i.
However, the development team later determined that the i. By December they had begun porting NT OS/2 to the MIPSR3.
Senior Microsoft executive Paul Maritz was targeting a release date in 1. The company was eager to silence naysayers who speculated that NT wouldn't be on the market until 1. So, in February 1. Maritz suggested that Microsoft should demonstrate the OS at the COMDEX computer expo later that year.
A few months later, however, a major change delayed that plan. As Windows NT[edit]In May 1. Microsoft released Windows 3. MS- DOS- based Windowsdesktop environment. Windows 3. 0 sold well, and the resulting shift in Microsoft's marketing strategy eroded their partnership with IBM. IBM wanted Microsoft to concentrate solely on developing OS/2 as its primary platform as opposed to building their future business around Windows,[2. Windows or OS/2 due to these uncertainties (a situation magnified by the fact that the operating systems were incompatible with each other at the API level), while Microsoft's resources were also being drained by the simultaneous development of multiple operating systems.[2.
In August 1. 99. 0, as a response to the popularity of Windows 3. NT OS/2 team decided to re- work the operating system to use an extended 3. Windows API known as Win. Win. 32 maintained the familiar structure of the 1. APIs used by Windows, which would allow developers to easily adapt their software for the new platform while maintaining a level of compatibility with existing software for Windows.[2. With the shift to a Windows- like architecture, the operating system's shell was also changed from OS/2's Presentation Manager to Windows' Program Manager.[2.
Due to these changes, NT was not presented at COMDEX 1. Neither the general public nor IBM knew about the transformation of NT OS/2 into Windows NT at the time.[2. Although the companies did agree to a revised partnership where IBM and Microsoft would alternate developing major versions of OS/2 instead of collaborating on each version,[2. IBM eventually learned of Microsoft's Windows NT plans in January 1. OS/2 partnership. As had been originally planned, IBM would solely develop OS/2 2.
Microsoft.[2. 3][2. In October 1. 99. Windows NT received its first public demonstration at COMDEX; in an effort to ensure software taking advantage of Windows NT was available upon its release (scheduled for late- 1.
Microsoft also distributed a 3. The demonstration was positively received; PC Magazine called Windows NT "the modern reinvention of the operating system", but at the same time claimed that it was unlikely that the promised backward compatibility would be kept for the final release.[3. In March 1. 99. 2, Microsoft also released Win. Windows 3. 1 to have partial compatibility with Windows NT programs for the purposes of developing software optimized for the platform.[3.
At Microsoft's Win. Professional Developers Conference in June 1.
Windows NT was demonstrated running on x. MIPS processors, while a beta version of Windows NT and an updated development kit were also made available.[3. Concurrently, Microsoft announced a new version of its SQL Server product for Windows NT; Unix vendors feared that the software could be a killer app that would affect the market share of Unix systems.[3. Concerns were also raised over NT's memory usage; while most computers of the era shipped with 4 megabytes of RAM, 1. MB was recommended for NTs.
Due to the high cost of RAM at the time, critics thought that its high system requirements could affect the sales and adoption of Windows NT. Steps were taken to reduce its memory usage through methods such as paging.[3. Microsoft began releasing public beta builds of NT in October 1. COMDEX, a presentation focusing on third- party software for Windows NT was held.[4. The final pre- release version of NT was released in March 1. Windows NT with LAN Manager. Although its stability and performance had improved, there were still fears that the OS could be released in an unfinished state or delayed further into 1.
Release[edit]Windows NT 3. Windows NT 3. 1 Advanced Server (so numbered to associate them with Windows 3. July 2. 6, 1. 99. At first, only the x.